By-Dr. Ramana Reddy Naru, Surgical Oncologist, HCG MNR Curie Cancer Center Ongole

Our lifestyle choices play a significant role in shaping our overall health and wellbeing. While some habits may seem harmless, they can have severe consequences on our bodies. One such habit that has been a major public health concern for decades is tobacco consumption. Tobacco use, particularly smoking, is a leading cause of preventable deaths worldwide. Among its many risks, oral cancer is a significant danger associated with tobacco consumption.
The Alarming Rise of Oral Cancer
Oral cancer, or mouth cancer, affects the mouth, lips, tongue, and throat, with tobacco smoking responsible for 22% of global cases, according to the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC). In India, it accounts for over 30% of cancer-related deaths. Those most affected are adults aged 65-74, but it also impacts younger groups: 55-64 (24%), 45-54 (17%), and 35-44 (12%).
The Science Behind Tobacco-Induced Oral Cancer
Tobacco smoke contains 70+ carcinogens, damaging oral DNA and disrupting cell growth, leading to cancer. Tobacco use impairs the immune system, hindering cancer cell fight. Passive smoking causes 600,000+ premature deaths annually. Nonsmokers inhale 4,000+ harmful chemicals, increasing lung cancer, heart disease, and stroke risks. Quitting protects individuals and loved ones.
Risk Factors: Who’s Most Vulnerable?
While anyone who consumes tobacco is at risk of developing oral cancer, certain factors increase vulnerability. The risk of oral cancer increases with the duration and frequency of tobacco use. Additionally, all forms of tobacco, including cigarettes, bidis, hookah, and smokeless tobacco, pose a significant risk. Other risk factors include age, with oral cancer risk increasing especially after 40, genetics, as family history plays a role in susceptibility, and alcohol consumption, as combining tobacco with alcohol significantly increases the risk.
Recognizing the Signs: Symptoms and Diagnosis
Early detection is crucial for effective treatment. Common symptoms of oral cancer include unhealing mouth sores or ulcers, white or red patches in the mouth, difficulty swallowing or speaking, unexplained tooth mobility, and persistent pain or discomfort. Regular dental check-ups and self-examination can aid in early detection, significantly improving treatment outcomes. Being aware of these symptoms can help individuals seek medical attention promptly.
Breaking the Habit: Prevention Strategies
Quitting tobacco is the most effective way to prevent oral cancer. To overcome nicotine addiction and stay motivated, consider seeking professional counseling, using nicotine replacement therapy to manage withdrawal, joining support groups to connect with others facing similar challenges, and trying alternative methods like yoga, meditation, or acupuncture to manage stress. By adopting these strategies, individuals can significantly reduce their likelihood of developing oral cancer and improve their overall health and wellbeing.
The link between tobacco consumption and oral cancer is undeniable. By understanding the risks and taking proactive steps to quit, individuals can significantly reduce their likelihood of developing oral cancer. It’s time to acknowledge the dangers of tobacco and take collective action to create a healthier, tobacco-free future.